Sugarcane is a perrenial crop. It means that it has to be planted only once, after that, it will constantly regrow. To reach the maximum yield, you will have to plow the sugarcane field every 4th time, if the required plowing setting is enabled. Sugarcane has an extremely low price, but also the highest yield, resulting in one of the highest profit values in the game for raw crops. On average, it grows for 7 months, has 2 months of planting period and 2 months of harvest period, however, it does not dry out. It will be destroyed by wheels, however, will also regrow without replanting. Sugarcane can be processed into sugar through Sugar Factory, multiplying the selling price.
For sugarcane farming, you will need a special planter (such as Gessner Single Row/Two Row Billet Planter) and a harvester (such as Lizard SWT 7 trailed harvester or Case IH Austoft 8800 Multi-Row self-propelled harvester). Those do not have their own crop storages and require a trailer nearby. You may use Doble TT Collossus 10.000 or Massey Ferguson MF 3012 sugarcane dump trailers to collect the harvested sugarcane and then unload them into a bigger one.